Haffner O. - STROJOVÉ VIDENIE PRE INDUSTRY 4.0

Strojové videnie pre Industry 4.0

doc. Ing. Oto Haffner, PhD.
Ústav automobilovej mechatroniky, FEI STU
oto.haffner@stuba.sk
Slovenská technická univerzita v Bratislave

Abstract:

This university textbook provides a comprehensive overview of machine vision as a key technology in the context of Industry 4.0 and its practical applications in industry. Machine vision, as a multidisciplinary field, integrates knowledge from optics, electronics, computer science, and automation, enabling the development of advanced systems for automated control and monitoring of production processes. The publication is aimed at broadening the knowledge and skills of students and professionals interested in the digitalization and automation of production systems using modern sensor technologies and software solutions. Machine vision is used in various aspects of production, from quality control to robotic system guidance, and plays an important role in the transformation to the smart factories of the future in the context of Industry 4.0.

DOI: 10.61544/HFQQ2206

Literatúra:

[1] E. Šikudová a Iní, Detekcia a rozpoznávanie obrazov. Praha: Wikina, 2011.

[2] V. Hotař, Úvod do problematiky strojového vidění. Část 1, Základní principy a hardware, 1st vyd. Liberec: Vysokoškolský podnik Liberec, spol. s r. o., 2015.

[3] V. Hlavac a M. Šonka, Počítačové videní. 1992.

[4] M. Sonka, V. Hlavac, a R. Boyle, Image Processing, analysis, and machine vision, 4th vyd. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2015.

[5] B. G. Batchelor, Machine vision handbook. 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-1-84996-169-1.

[6] R. C. Gonzalez a R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition). 2007.

[7] L. MacDonald, “Effective color displays — Theory and practice”, Displays, roč. 13, č. 4, 1992, doi: 10.1016/0141-9382(92)90032-m.

[8] Robert A. Rohde, “Spektrálna krivka intenzity žiarenia pre svetlo dopadajúce na zem”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Solar_spectrum_en.svg

[9] “Human Cone Action Spectra”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.unm.edu/~toolson/human_cone_response.htm

[10] S. Bansal, N. B. Puhan, a S. Pattnaik, “Novel Perceptual Mach Band-Based Deep Attention Network for Cyclone Intensity Estimation”, IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, roč. 73, s. 1–11, 2024, doi: 10.1109/TIM.2024.3415776.

[11] T. Sutton, “First Colour Photographic Image by Maxwell”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://clerkmaxwellfoundation.org/html/first_colour_photographic_image.html

[12] J. Rus, “HSL and HSV”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV#/media/File:Hsl-hsv_models.svg

[13] J. Beyerer, F. P. León, a C. Frese, Machine vision: Automated visual inspection: Theory, practice and applications. 2015. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-47794-6.

[14] TELEDYNE, “Teledyne Photometrics”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.photometrics.com/learn/camera-basics

[15] TELEDYNE, “Teledyne Princeton Instruments”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.princetoninstruments.com/learn/camera-fundamentals

[16] A. Luštica, “CCD and CMOS image sensors in new HD cameras”, v Proceedings Elmar - International Symposium Electronics in Marine, 2011.

[17] Edmund Optics Inc., “Edmund Optics Knowledge Center”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center

[18] A3 Vision & Imaging, EMVA, JIIA, VDMA, a CMVU, “Guide to understanding machine vision standards”, 2022. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.emva.org/wp-content/uploads/FSF-VS-Brochure-2022-A4-vcb-lowres.pdf

[19] EMVA, “EMVA Standard 1288”, 2021. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.emva.org/wp-content/uploads/EMVA1288Linear_4.0Release.pdf

[20] Oxford Instruments, “Rolling Shutter vs Global Shutter sCMOS Camera Mode”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://andor.oxinst.com/learning/view/article/rolling-and-global-shutter

[21] E. H. Stupp a R. S. Levitt, “The Plumbicon®”, v Photoelectronic Imaging Devices, 1971. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-2931-2_14.

[22] L. Shen, X. Feng, Y. Zhang, M. Shi, D. Zhu, a Z. Wang, “Stroboscope based synchronization of full frame CCD sensors”, Sensors (Switzerland), roč. 17, č. 4, 2017, doi: 10.3390/s17040799.

[23] Cmglee, “Comparison of simplified back-illuminated and front-illuminated pixel cross-sections”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-illuminated_sensor#/media/File:Comparison_backside_illumination.svg

[24] SONY, “ICX285AL”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.1stvision.com/cameras/sensor_specs/ICX285.pdf

[25] B. E. Bayer, “Color Imaging Array”, 1976

[26] IDS Imaging, “IDS peak 2.10.0 / uEye+ firmware 3.34”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.1stvision.com/cameras/IDS/IDS-manuals/en/basics-intro.html

[27] EMVA, “EMVA 1288”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.emva.org/standards-technology/emva-1288/

[28] Václav Hlaváč a Miloš Sedláček, Zpracování signálů a obrazů, 2nd vyd. Praha: Nakladatelství ČVUT, 2007.

[29] S. Anand a L. Priya, A Guide for Machine Vision in Quality Control. 2019. doi: 10.1201/9781003002826.

[30] Opto Engineering, “Resources - Knowledge base and documentation”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.opto-e.com/en/resources

[31] Ansys, “Ansys Zemax OpticsBuilder/OpticStudio”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ansys.com/products/optics/ansys-zemax-opticstudio

[32] Teledyne, “Lens Guide”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.princetoninstruments.com/learn/calculators/lens-guide

[33] Cognex, “LENS ADVISOR”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.cognex.com/resources/interactive-tools/lens-advisor?rdr=lgcy

[34] Channel Systems, “Field of View Calculator”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://channelsystems.ca/calculators/field-of-view

[35] Vision Doctor, “Lens calculator - Calculating the depth of field (DOF)”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vision-doctor.com/en/optical-calculations/calculation-depth-of-field.html

[36] Scientific Volume Imaging, “Nyquist Calculator app”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://svi.nl/Nyquist-Calculator

[37] Edmund Optics, “IMAGING LENS SELECTOR”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.edmundoptics.com/tools/imaginglenswizard/

[38] Thorlabs, “Technical Resources”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.thorlabs.com/navigation.cfm?guide_id=2400

[39] H. NYQUIST, “Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory”, Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, roč. 47, č. 2, 1928, doi: 10.1109/T-AIEE.1928.5055024.

[40] H. Nasse a ZEISS, “How to Read MTF Curves ”, 2008, Carl Zeiss. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://lenspire.zeiss.com/photo/app/uploads/2022/02/technical-article-how-to-read-mtf-curves-01.pdf

[41] Nikon, “What is a Lens MTF Chart & How Do I Read It?” Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.nikonusa.com/learn-and-explore/c/products-and-innovation/what-is-a-lens-mtf-chart-how-do-i-read-it

[42] Quick MTF, “Quick MTF, an image quality testing application”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://quickmtf.com/

[43] M. Ryazanov a Setreset, “USAF-1951”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/USAF-1951.svg

[44] APPLIED IMAGE Inc., “IEEE Video Resolution Chart (QA-71) / QA-71-P-RM”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.appliedimage.com/product/qa-71-p-rm/

[45] JoeX~commonswiki, “Siemens star”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Siemens_star.svg

[46] SONY, “ICX625”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.1stvision.com/cameras/sensor_specs/ICX625.pdf

[47] “RIIA”, Cit: 12. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.riaa.com/

[48] Teledyne, “Lens Guide”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.princetoninstruments.com/learn/calculators/lens-guide

[49] L. Fermum, “Vision Doctor”, FUNDAMENTALS & KNOW-HOW. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vision-doctor.com/en/

[50] I. Norman, “A Practical Guide to Lens Aberrations and the Lonely Speck Aberration Test”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.lonelyspeck.com/a-practical-guide-to-lens-aberrations-and-the-lonely-speck-aberration-test/comment-page-4/#

[51] e Planetarium, “WARPING FAQ”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.eplanetarium.com/warping_faq.php

[52] Thorlabs, “Microscope Guide”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=10808#Terminology

[53] Edmund Optics, “Understanding Microscopes and Objectives”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/microscopy/understanding-microscopes-and-objectives/

[54] Opto Engineering, “Opto Engineering Catalog 2023 English”, Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.opto-e.com/en/resources

[55] Light Works, “Why hypercentric?” Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.lw4u.com/why-hypercentric

[56] Optotune, “Focus tunable lenses”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.optotune.com/tunable-lenses

[57] Omron, “Smart Camera MicroHAWK F430-F/F420-F Series”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://assets.omron.eu/downloads/brochure/en/v2/q272_microhawk_f430-f_f420-f_series_brochure_en.pdf

[58] Edmund Optics® WHITEPAPER, “RUGGEDIZATION OF IMAGING LENSES”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.edmundoptics.com/ViewDocument/Ruggedization_Whitepaper_17.pdf

[59] IEC, “IP ratings”. Cit: 30. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.iec.ch/ip-ratings

[60] Onsemi, “MT9P031 - 1/2.5-Inch 5 Mp CMOS Digital Image Sensor ”. Cit: 08. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.onsemi.com/pdf/datasheet/mt9p031-d.pdf

[61] Framos, “Sony ICX655AQA-F”. Cit: 08. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.framos.com/en/products/icx655aqa-f-10269

[62] ON Semiconductor, “KAI-4021 - 2048 (H) x 2048 (V) Interline CCD Image Sensor”. Cit: 08. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.mouser.com/datasheet/2/308/KAI-4021-D-600412.pdf

[63] A. Hornberg, Handbook of Machine and Computer Vision. Wiley, 2017. doi: 10.1002/9783527413409.

[64] Association for Advancing Automation, “Vision & Imaging”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.automate.org/vision

[65] EMVA, “INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL STANDARD TECHNOLOGY”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.emva.org/wp-content/uploads/FSF-Vision-Standards-Brochure-A4-screen.pdf

[66] TELEDYNE Imaging, “Industrial Camera Interface Guide”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.lumenera.com/media/wysiwyg/documents/casestudies/Guide_to_Camera_Interfaces.pdf

[67] Contact EMVA – European Machine Vision Association, “OOCI”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.emva.org/standards-technology/ooci/

[68] BRAD FINNEY a TELEDYNE DALSA, “CMOS, TDI in Line Scan Cameras Deliver More Accurate Web Inspection Systems”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.photonics.com/Articles/CMOS_TDI_in_Line_Scan_Cameras_Deliver_More/a61712

[69] Cognex, “Cognex”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.cognex.com/

[70] Hikrobot, “Hikrobot Machine Vision”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.hikrobotics.com/en/machinevision/

[71] Datasensing, “Datasensing”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.datasensing.com/

[72] Omron, “Omron Microscan”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://automation.omron.com/en/us/microscan

[73] Balluff, “Machine Vision and Optical Identification”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.balluff.com/en-de/products/areas/A0005

[74] Omron, “A compact smart camera that simplifies inspections”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ia.omron.com/data_pdf/cat/f430-f-f420-f_q272-e1_3_2_csm1076173.pdf?id=3789

[75] Industrial Vision Systems Ltd (IVS®), “Industrial Vision Systems”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.industrialvision.co.uk/

[76] Omron, “FH Series”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ia.omron.com/products/family/3210/

[77] Keyence, “Intuitive Vision System CV-X series”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.keyence.eu/products/vision/vision-sys/cv-x100/

[78] UL LLC, “Integrated Functional Safety and Cybersecurity Services”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ul.com/integrated-functional-safety-and-cybersecurity-services

[79] European Commission, “CE marking”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/ce-marking_en

[80] International Organization for Standardization, “ISO 9001:2015”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.iso.org/standard/62085.html

[81] International Organization for Standardization, “ISO 14000 family”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.iso.org/standards/popular/iso-14000-family

[82] The Automotive Industry Action Group, “IATF 16949:2016”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.aiag.org/quality/iatf-16949-2016

[83] INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE, “DOCUMENTS OF THE Xlth PLENARY ASSEMBLY”, 1966. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://search.itu.int/history/HistoryDigitalCollectionDocLibrary/4.277.43.en.1006.pdf

[84] Conrad Division, “Raster Graphic Book”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://ece-classes.usc.edu/ee459/library/documents/RS170.pdf

[85] Magewell IndustryNanjing Magewell Electronics Co., “Flex I/O Dual CL Dual-connection Camera Link frame grabber”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://magewell-industry.com/product/flex-io-dual-cl

[86] Teledyne DALSA, “Xtium2 CLHS FX8 frame grabber”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.teledynedalsa.com/en/products/imaging/frame-grabbers/xtium2-clhs-fx8/

[87] Japan Industrial Imaging Association (JIIA, “CoaXPress over Fiber Bridge Protocol version 1.0 Guideline has been released”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: http://jiia.org/en/coaxpress-over-fiber-bridge-protocol-version-1-0-guideline-has-been-released/

[88] Association for Advancing Automation, “RoCEv2 Integration into GigE Vision Standard: A Leap Forward in Imaging Technology”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.automate.org/vision/vision-standards/rocev2-integration-into-gige-vision-standard-a-leap-forward-in-imaging-technology

[89] IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA), “IEEE 1588-2019”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1588/6825/

[90] USB, “About USB-IF”, Cit: 08. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.usb.org/about

[91] EMVA – European Machine Vision Association, “GenICam Downloads”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.emva.org/standards-technology/genicam/genicam-downloads/

[92] EMVA – European Machine Vision Association, “The European Machine Vision Association EMVA”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.emva.org/about-emva/who-we-are/

[93] Opto Engineering, “Welcome to Opto Engineering knowledge base”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.opto-e.com/en/basics/welcome-to-opto-engineering-basics

[94] SONY, “Short-Wavelength InfraRed Image Sensor Technology SenSWIR”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technology/industry/senswir.html

[95] www.industrialvision.co.uk, “The Vision to Automate”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.industrialvision.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/The-Vision-to-Automate-Industrial-Vision-Systems.pdf

[96] D. Martin a Advanced Illumination, “A Practical Guide to Machine Vision Lighting”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.advancedillumination.com/a-practical-guide-to-machine-vision-lighting/

[97] D. Martin, “Practical Guide to Machine Vision Lighting”, Advanced Illumination, 2012.

[98] National Instruments, “A Practical Guide to Machine Vision Lighting - Part I”, Machine Vision Fundamentals, 2013.

[99] D. Martin, “A Practical Guide to Machine Vision Lighting - Part II”, Machine Vision Fundamentals, 2013.

[100] Smart View s.r.o, “Osvětlení strojového vidění”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.smartview.cz/c-osvetleni-strojoveho-videni

[101] Keyence, “LED Lighting”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.keyence.eu/ss/products/vision/peripheral/ca-d/

[102] Basler, “Illumination Advisor”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.baslerweb.com/en/tools/illumination-advisor/

[103] A. Faath, “VDMA Overview of activities and companion specs”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://jp.opcfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/12/8_Faath_VDMA_OPCUA.pdf

[104] Silicon Software, “OPC UA Companion Specification Vision Part 1 Adopted”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://silicon.software/pdf%20files/publications/embeddedVision/SiliconSoftware_EmbeddedVision_OPC-UA-Vision-Part1_EN.pdf

[105] OPC Foundation, “OPC 40100-2: Machine Vision - Asset Mgmt and Condition Monitoring”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://reference.opcfoundation.org/MachineVision/docs/

[106] D. P. Penumuru, S. Muthuswamy, a P. Karumbu, “Identification and classification of materials using machine vision and machine learning in the context of industry 4.0”, J Intell Manuf, roč. 31, č. 5, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10845-019-01508-6.

[107] Cognex, “Deep Learning for Factory Automation”. Cit: 22. august 2020. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.cognex.com/

[108] Cognex Corporation, “DEEP LEARNING FOR FACTORY AUTOMATION Combining artificial intelligence with machine vision”. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.cognex.com/resources/white-papers-articles/deep-learning-for-factory-automation

[109] V. C. Coffey, “Machine Vision: The Eyes of Industry 40”, Opt Photonics News, roč. 29, č. 7, s. 42, júl. 2018, doi: 10.1364/opn.29.7.000042.

[110] A. Démuth, Theories of Perception (in Slovak). Trnava: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Trnava in Trnava, 2013.

[111] R. L. Silva, O. Canciglieri Junior, a M. Rudek, “A road map for planning-deploying machine vision artifacts in the context of industry 4.0”, Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, roč. 39, č. 3, 2022, doi: 10.1080/21681015.2021.1965665.

[112] Frost & Sullivan, “Umelá inteligencia na úrovni prevádzky (1)”, ATP Journal, roč. 9, s. 68, 2019.

[113] M. C. Aldag a B. Eker, “What Is Quality 4.0 in the Era of Industry 4.0 ?”, International conference on quality of life, č. November, 2018.

[114] S. Reedy, “Koncept Kvalita 4.0 přetváří způsob vývoje produktů”, Řízení a Údržba Průmyslového Podniku, roč. 1, č. 64, s. 66, 2020.

[115] J. Loskotová, “Vždy vás zaujímalo ako zvýšiť rast kvality? Tu je niekoľko tipov.”, v Kvalita ako predpoklad rastu a konkurencieschopnosti, M. Džubáková, Ed., Bratislava: Slovenská spoločnosť pre kvalitu, 2017, s. 102.

[116] F. F. de Souza, A. Corsi, R. N. Pagani, G. Balbinotti, a J. L. Kovaleski, “Total quality management 4.0: adapting quality management to Industry 4.0”, 2022. doi: 10.1108/TQM-10-2020-0238.

[117] E. E. Broday, “The evolution of quality: from inspection to quality 4.0”, 2022. doi: 10.1108/IJQSS-09-2021-0121.

[118] Kučera. Erik, “Digitálne technológie a systémy pre Industry 4.0”, Habilitačná práca, FEI STU, Bratislava, 2020.

[119] Štefan Kozák a Zuzana Képešiová, “Smart Factory in Industry 4.0”, International Journal Information Technology Applications (ITA), roč. 10, č. 2, s. 13–23, dec. 2021.

[120] S. Kozak, E. Ruzicky, J. Stefanovic, a F. Schindler, “Research and education for industry 4.0: Present development”, v Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Cybernetics and Informatics, K and I 2018, 2018. doi: 10.1109/CYBERI.2018.8337556.

[121] Cognex - systémy strojového vidění, “Hluboké učení + strojové vidění = kontrola kvality nové generace”, Vše o průmyslu. Cit: 01. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vseoprumyslu.cz/inspirace/firemni-novinky/hluboke-uceni-strojove-videni-kontrola-kvality-nove-generace.html

[122] M. Čierny, “Kvalita a Industry 4.0 - IPA Slovakia”, v Kvalita ako predpoklad rastu a konkurencieschopnosti, M. Džubáková, Ed., Bratislava: Slovenská spoločnosť pre kvalitu, 2017, s. 102. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ipaslovakia.sk/sk/tlac-a-media/aktualne-vzdelavanie/kvalita-a-industry-4-0

[123] Keyence, “Vision System Inspection Applications”, Catalog, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.keyence.eu/ss/products/vision/application-selecting/

[124] NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS CORP., “Machine Vision on CompactRIO and Single-Board RIO”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ni.com/en/shop/compactrio/what-are-compactrio-controllers/machine-vision-on-compactrio-and-single-board-rio.html

[125] wenglor, “BB1C102”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.wenglor.com/en/Machine-Vision/Machine-Vision-Controllers/Control-Unit-uniVision-Profile-Extended-Industrial-Ethernet/p/BB1C102

[126] Neousys Technology, “Nuvis-7306RT Series”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.neousys-tech.com/en/product/product-lines/machine-vision/nuvis-7306rt-intel-8-9th-machine-vision-computer-nvidia-gpu

[127] Zebra Technologies Corp., “Zebra 4Sight EV7”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.zebra.com/us/en/products/spec-sheets/industrial-machine-vision-fixed-scanners/vision-controllers/4sight-series/4sight-ev7.html

[128] IMB, “POWER® family and PowerPC® architecture overview”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/aix/7.1?topic=storage-power-family-powerpc-architecture-overview

[129] Arm Limited, “Arm CPU Architecture”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.arm.com/architecture/cpu

[130] Z. Liu, H. Ukida, P. Ramuhalli, a K. Niel, Integrated imaging and vision techniques for industrial inspection: Advances and applications. 2015. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6741-9.

[131] Zebra Technologies, “Aurora Imaging Library”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.zebra.com/us/en/software/machine-vision-and-fixed-industrial-scanning-software/aurora-imaging-library.html

[132] NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS, “Vision Builder”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.ni.com/en/shop/electronic-test-instrumentation/application-software-for-electronic-test-and-instrumentation-category/what-is-vision-builder-for-automated-inspection.html

[133] MVTEC SOFTWARE, “ HALCON”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.mvtec.com/products/halcon

[134] MVTEC SOFTWARE, “MERLIC”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.mvtec.com/products/merlic

[135] Tordivel AS, “SCORPION ”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: http://scorpion.tordivel.no/

[136] Teledyne Digital Imaging, “Sapera Vision Software”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.teledynedalsa.com/en/products/imaging/vision-software/sapera-software-suite/

[137] Cognex, “VisionPro”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.cognex.com/products/machine-vision/vision-software/visionpro-software

[138] Cognex, “Cognex Vision Library (CVL)”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.cognex.com/en-sk/products/machine-vision/vision-software/cognex-vision-library

[139] Moravské přístroje, “VisionLab”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.mii.cz/cat?id=147&lang=405

[140] Zebra Technologies, “Aurora Vision Studio”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.zebra.com/us/en/products/oem/software/aurora-vision-studio.html

[141] wenglor, “uniVision 3”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.wenglor.com/en/Machine-Vision/Machine-Vision-Software/Image-Processing-Software-uniVision-3/c/cxmCID222459

[142] Keyence, “CV-X”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.keyence.eu/support/user/cv-x/code/

[143] HIKROBOT, “Vision Master”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.hikrobotics.com/en/machinevision/visionmaster/

[144] Datalogic Group, “PEKAT VISION”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.pekatvision.com/products/software/

[145] NeuroCheck, “NeuroCheck”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.neurocheck.com/software/what-is-neurocheck/

[146] Opto Engineering, “FabImage Studio”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.opto-e.com/en/products/fabimage

[147] Opto Engineering, “FabImage Library Suite”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.opto-e.com/en/products/fabimage-lib-suite

[148] EVT Eye Vision Technology, “EVT EyeVision”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.evt-web.com/products/en-software/

[149] Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, “MELSOFT VIXIO”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.mitsubishielectric.com/fa/products/software/image-processing/vixio/index.html

[150] A&B Software LLC, “ImageWarp”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.imagewarp.com/

[151] SAC, “SAC Coake”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.sac-nederland.nl/

[152] di-soric GmbH, “nVision”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.di-soric.com/int-en/PM//Image-processing-identification/Image-processing-software?group_id=node_group_g3013_en&ix_search[facet_finder_group_t56318_modell_en]=Software

[153] VisionTools Bildanalyse Systeme GmbH, “VisionTools V60”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vision-tools.com/en/products/software-v60.html

[154] RoboRealm, “RoboRealm”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.roborealm.com/

[155] Sanxo, “Modular-X”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://sanxo.eu/modular-x/

[156] STEMMER IMAGING, “Common Vision Blox”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.stemmer-imaging.com/s/company/about-us?language=en_US

[157] Van de Loosdrecht Machine Vision BV, “VisionLab”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdlmv.nl/

[158] OpenCV, “Open Source Computer Vision Library”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://opencv.org/

[159] SimpleCV, “SimpleCV”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: http://simplecv.org/

[160] Kitware, “The Visualization Toolkit”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://vtk.org/

[161] S. Gould, “DARWIN: A framework for machine learning and computer vision research and development”, Journal of Machine Learning Research, roč. 13, 2012.

[162] RovisLab, “Rovis.Vision”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://rovislab.com/rovis_vision.html

[163] Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, “Integrated Vision Toolkit”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/english/749.php

[164] VDMA, “VDMA”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdma.org/en/

[165] OPC Foundation, “OPC Foundation”, Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://opcfoundation.org/about/contact-us/

[166] VDMA, “Machine Vision”, 2021. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://vdma.org/documents/34570/17003133/2021_VDMA_MV_Branchenf%C3%BChrer_EN.pdf/b0029fa6-20e3-5908-ab93-6de2a6161604

[167] CMVU, “CHINA MACHINE VISION INDUSTRY ALLIANCE”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.china-vision.org/

[168] JIIA, “Japan Industrial Imaging Association”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: http://jiia.org/en/

[169] VDI – The Association of German Engineers, “VDI/VDE/VDMA 2632 Blatt 1”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdi.de/en/home/vdi-standards/details/vdivdevdma-2632-blatt-1-machine-vision-basics-terms-and-definitions

[170] VDI – The Association of German Engineers, “VDI/VDE/VDMA 2632 Blatt 2”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdi.de/en/home/vdi-standards/details/vdivdevdma-2632-blatt-2-machine-vision-guideline-for-the-preparation-of-a-requirement-specification-and-a-system-specification-1

[171] VDI – The Association of German Engineers, “VDI/VDE/VDMA 2632 Blatt 3 - Projekt”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdi.de/richtlinien/details/vdivdevdma-2632-blatt-3-industrielle-bildverarbeitung-abnahme-klassifizierender-bildverarbeitungssysteme

[172] VDI – The Association of German Engineers, “VDI/VDE/VDMA 2632 Blatt 3.1”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdi.de/en/home/vdi-standards/details/vdivdevdma-2632-blatt-31-machine-visionindustrial-image-processing-acceptance-test-of-classifying-machine-vision-systems-test-of-classification-performance

[173] VDI – The Association of German Engineers, “VDI/VDE/VDMA 2632 Blatt 4.1”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdi.de/en/home/vdi-standards/details/vdivdevdma-2632-blatt-41-machine-visionindustrial-image-processing-surface-inspection-systems-in-flat-steel-production-stability-testing

[174] VDI – The Association of German Engineers, “VDI/VDE/VDMA 2632 Blatt 4.2”. Cit: 31. júl 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.vdi.de/en/home/vdi-standards/details/vdivdevdma-2632-blatt-42-machine-visionindustrial-image-processing-surface-inspection-systems-in-flat-steel-production-performance-evaluation-of-classification

[175] S. Saito et al., “8K Terrestrial Transmission Field Tests Using Dual-Polarized MIMO and Higher-Order Modulation OFDM”, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, roč. 62, č. 1, 2016, doi: 10.1109/TBC.2015.2494853.

[176] E. R. Davies, Computer and Machine Vision. Elsevier, 2012. doi: 10.1016/C2010-0-66926-4.

[177] M. Dobeš, Zpracování obrazu a algoritmy v C#. Praha: BEN - Technická literatura, 2008.

[178] V. Hlavac a M. Sedláček, Zpracování signálů a obrazů, 2nd vyd. Praha: ČVUT, 2007.

[179] V. Kvasnička, Úvod do teórie neurónových sietí. Iris, 1997.

[180] E. Sojka, Digitální zpracování a analýza obrazů. Ostrava: VŠB - Technická univerzita, 2000.

[181] Canon, “Ultra-High 250MP Resolution”. Cit: 01. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://asia.canon/en/campaign/cmos-image-sensors/ultra-high-250mp

[182] Rubin Observatory, “Camera”. Cit: 01. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.lsst.org/about/camera

[183] University of Twente, “Geocoding”, The Core of GIS Science 2020 (Open Access for Exam). Cit: 01. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://ltb.itc.utwente.nl/498/concept/81586

[184] Cmglee, “Comparison of 1D and 2D interpolation”. Cit: 01. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation#/media/File:Comparison_of_1D_and_2D_interpolation.svg

[185] O. Haffner, “Detekcia hrán v obraze”, Bakalárska práca, Bratislava: FEI STU, 2011.

[186] Lucas(CA), “Otsu’s method visualization”. Cit: 01. august 2024. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otsu%27s_method#/media/File:Otsu’s_Method_Visualization.gif

[187] H. Habibi Aghdam, E. Jahani Heravi, H. Habibi Aghdam, a E. Jahani Heravi, “Convolutional Neural Networks”, v Guide to Convolutional Neural Networks, Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017, s. 85–130. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-57550-6_3.

[188] A. Vedaldi, “Convolutional Networks for Computer Vision Applications”. Cit: 20. august 2020. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://medium.com/analytics-vidhya/convolutional-neural-networks-for-computer-vision-applications-4808a6d984c2

[189] Mathworks, “What Is a Convolutional Neural Network?” [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.mathworks.com/solutions/deep-learning/convolutional-neural-network.html

[190] A. Vo, “Deep Learning – Computer Vision and Convolutional Neural Networks”.

[191] L. Pauly, H. Peel, S. Luo, D. Hogg, a R. Fuentes, “Deeper networks for pavement crack detection”, v ISARC 2017 - Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, júl. 2017, s. 479–485. doi: 10.22260/isarc2017/0066.

[192] S. Weng, “Automating Breast Cancer Detection with Deep Learning”. Cit: 22. august 2020. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://blog.insightdatascience.com/automating-breast-cancer-detection-with-deep-learning-d8b49da17950

[193] R. Bonnin, “Advantages of the dropout layers”. Cit: 22. august 2020. [Online]. Dostupné z: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/machine-learning-for/9781786469878/252b7560-e262-49c4-9c8f-5b78d2eec420.xhtml#:~:text=The main advantage of this,goal%2C thus decorrelating the weights.